How long can a developer reply be?
Apple does not publish a limit
The two figures in circulation, 5,970 and 10,240, are both unsourced. Neither appears in App Store Connect Help, the ratings and reviews pages, the API reference, or Apple's OpenAPI spec, where the response body is declared as a plain string with no constraint. A server-side limit may exist and be findable by testing, but Apple has not documented one.
About 350 characters
"Replies of more than approximately 350 characters will be rejected. HTML tags will be stripped."
Google's own two pages word this differently. The API reference says replies of more than approximately 350 characters will be rejected. The Reply to Reviews guide says replyText can contain at most 350 characters, with no hedge. Write to 350 as a hard ceiling, because one of the two pages says it is one.
Android Publisher API, reviews.reply